Imigangatho yoKhuseleko lweeBhedi zeMetal Bunk: Oko Izikolo kunye neenkampu ekufuneka zikwazi ngaphambi kokuba zithenge

Isibambo seSnippet: Imigangatho yokhuseleko lwebhedi yentsimbi ichazwe yi-ASTM F1427 kunye neCPSC 16 CFR Icandelo 1513. Iimfuno eziphambili ziquka iireyili zokukhusela kumacala omabini eebheyile eziphezulu ezidlula ubuncinane iisentimitha ezi-5 ngaphezulu komatrasi, iireyili zokukhusela ezisezantsi xa isiseko sidlula iisentimitha ezingama-30 ukusuka emgangathweni, kunye nemida engqongqo kumxholo we-lead kunye ne-phthalate.

 

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Kwiihlobo ezintathu ezidlulileyo, umlawuli wekampu eNew York wafumana umnxeba ongafunwayo ngumntu wonke. Umntwana oneminyaka eli-10 ubudala wayewile ebhedini ephezulu ebusuku. I-guardrail yayisele iwile - iibholiti ezimbalwa ezikhululekileyo ezazingasebenzi kakuhle kodwa azizange ziqine. Umntwana wayephilile, ndiyabulela uThixo. Kodwa i-inshurensi yekampu ayizange ivuselelwe, kwaye isebe lezempilo likarhulumente laphawula zonke iibhedi ezikwindawo leyo.

Ndive iinguqulelo zale bali kubaphathi bezakhiwo ezikolweni, kwiinkampu zasehlotyeni, nakwii-academy zokuhlala kumazwe angamashumi amahlanu anesithandathu. Iinkcukacha ziyatshintsha kodwa umxholo awutshintshi: umntu uthenge iibhedi ezingaphantsi ngendlela obunokuthenga ngayo ishelufu yeencwadi - ngexabiso nangexesha lokuhanjiswa - kwaye akazange ajonge ukuba imveliso yayakhelwe oko wayeyibeka khona.

Nantsi into uninzi lwezinto ezijongwayo xa kuthengwa: ibhedi yentsimbi ekwigumbi lokulala leenkampu ayifani nebhedi ekwigumbi lokulala labantwana. Imigangatho yokhuseleko yebhedi yentsimbi ekufuneka uyithobele ayikho kuluhlu lwe-Amazon. Ikwiingxelo zolawulo kunye neengxelo zovavanyo uninzi lwabathengi alufundi de kubekho into engalunganga.

Ngokutsho kweSibhedlele saBantwana saseNationwide, malunga nama-36,000 okwenzakala okunxulumene neebhedi ezinde ezithutha abantwana athumela abantwana kumagumbi ongxamiseko ase-US minyaka le. I-CPSC ibika malunga ne-10 leminyaka yokufa ngenxa yokuvalelwa kwiibhedi ezinde. Loo manani awahluli phakathi kwekhaya kunye neendawo zesikolo, kodwa abalawuli beenkampu kunye nabaphathi bezibonelelo zesikolo bayazi ukuba ukubala umngcipheko kwahlukile xa unoxanduva lwabantwana abaninzi, kungekuphela nje abakho. Ukuhamba ngemigangatho yokhuseleko lweebhedi ezinde ezithuthayo yindlela yakho yokuqala yokuzikhusela ekubeni yinxalenye yaloo manani.

Masikhe sijonge imigangatho yokhuseleko lweebhedi zentsimbi ezibalulekileyo xa uthenga isikolo, inkampu, okanye idomethi — kunye nento uninzi lwababoneleli abangayi kuyinikela ngokuzithandela ngaphandle kokuba ucele.

Imigangatho Emibini Ebalulekileyo

Ukuba uthenga iibhedi zentsimbi ezibekwe kwindawo yesikhungo, kufuneka ube namaxwebhu amabini edesikeni yakho ngaphambi kokuba uvule ikowuteshini enye.

I-ASTM F1427 ngumgangatho wokuzithandela ovela kwi-American Society for Testing and Materials. Inguqulelo yangoku, i-ASTM F1427-21e1, igubungela uyilo lwe-guardrail, ukugcinwa komatrasi, ukuqina kwesakhiwo, iinkcukacha zeposi yekona, kunye nokuthintela ubungozi bokubanjwa. Uninzi lwabavelisi abaziwayo bathi bayila ngayo - kodwa "eyenzelwe" kwaye "eqinisekisiweyo" zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Cela ingxelo yovavanyo, hayi ukuxhawulana kommeli wentengiso.

ICandelo le-CPSC 16 CFR 1513 ngumgangatho onyanzelekileyo karhulumente, onyanzeliswa yiKhomishini yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yaBathengi ukusukela ngoJuni 2000. Eli linqanaba lomthetho. Liyalela ukuba kubekho imiqobo yokukhusela kumacala omabini eebhedi eziphezulu, lifuna udonga oluqhubekekayo olungenazikhewu, kwaye lichaza ubungakanani obukhulu bokuvula ukuthintela intloko okanye amalungu omntwana ukuba abanjwe. ICandelo le-CPSC 1213 ngokwahlukeneyo lijongana neengozi zokubanjwa kwiibhedi zeebhedi ezingalungiselelwanga abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithandathu.

Nasi isivakalisi esibakhubekisayo abathengi abaninzi bezikolo neenkampu, kwaye ndiza kusibeka ngqindilili kuba sibalulekile: I-ASTM F1427 ayibandakanyi ngokucacileyo ukusetyenziswa kwezikhungo. Funda oko kwakhona. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ngabavelisi abaninzi ayisebenzi kwisakhiwo sakho xa sele ubekwe njengesikhungo.

Oku akuthethi ukuba awukho ngqiqweni. Kuthetha okwahlukileyo koko: kufuneka ujonge iibhedi ezidlula umgangatho wabathengi kuba ukuvezwa kwakho kuxanduva, iimfuno zokuhlolwa, kunye nobungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwazo zonke ziphezulu. Okungakumbi malunga nokuba oko kuthetha ukuthini apha ngezantsi.

Ii-Guardrails: Umthetho we-5-intshi Akukho mntu ujonga emva kokufakwa

Ii-Guardrails ziqala apho uninzi lwenzakala khona. Ukuba ukhumbula amanani amathathu kuphela kweli nqaku, zenze ezi zilandelayo:

• Iisentimitha ezi-5. I-guardrail kwibhedi nganye ephezulu kufuneka yoluleke ubuncinane iisentimitha ezi-5 ngaphezulu komphezulu we-matrasi - hayi isakhelo sebhedi. Umatrasi otyebileyo unciphisa ubude be-guardrail obusebenzayo. Thenga oomatrasi abaziisentimitha ezi-6 ngebhedi ene-guardrail eziisentimitha ezi-5, kwaye uyavumelana. Tshintsha loo matrasi emva kweminyaka emithathu ngeemodeli eziisentimitha ezi-7, kwaye ngequbuliso awusafani.

• Amacala omabini. I-CPSC ifuna iireyili zokukhusela kumacala omabini ebhedi nganye ephezulu. Ireyili esecaleni kodonga kufuneka iqhubeke - kungabikho zikhewu, kungabikho zikhefu. Ukuba ibhedi ime ngokuzimeleyo (hayi eludongeni), zombini iireyili kufuneka zihambe ubude obupheleleyo.

• Iisentimitha ezingama-30. Nantsi enye abathengi abanamava abayihoyanga. Ukuba isiseko sebhedi esezantsi singaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-30 ukusuka emgangathweni, loo bhedi isezantsi nayo ifuna izixhobo zokukhusela. Uyilo oluphakanyisiweyo, iimodeli zedrowa zokugcina izinto, kunye nolwakhiwo olude kakhulu zonke zinokubangela le mfuneko ngaphandle kokuba umntu ayiqaphele.

Ndikhe ndabona iikampu zithenga iibhedi "ezintle kakhulu" apho iingcingo zokukhusela zihleli kancinci kwiisentimitha ezi-3 ngaphezulu komatrasi oqhelekileyo oziisentimitha ezi-6. Oko kukwaphulwa komthetho xa uyifaka. Ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lweebhedi zentsimbi akuqinisekisi kube kanye - yindlela eqhubekayo eqala ngoko ukuchazileyo kwiodolo yokuthenga.

Ibanga leZiko: Kutheni iipawundi ezingama-400 zingumgca wokuqala wokwenyani

Nantsi imimiselo ekufuneka ihlengahlengiswe ifreyimu yephepha lakho leenkcukacha. Ibhedi yentsimbi yokuhlala idla ngokuba ziikhilogram ezingama-200 ukuya kuma-250 ngomphezulu wokulala. Yakhelwe umntwana omnye, olele engashukumi, kwigumbi lokulala elilawulwa yimozulu.

Ngoku khawucinge ngetyala lakho lokwenyani. Abantu ababini abakhempishayo ebhedini. Umcebisi uhleli ecaleni ukuze afunde ibali ngaphambi kokuba alale. Abantwana bayanyuka ukuze bafikelele eluphahleni. Imithwalo ityhalelwa phantsi. Iinyanga ezintathu zoku, rhoqo ehlotyeni, kangangeminyaka emihlanu. Emva koko kufika iqela elitsha lize likwenze konke kwakhona.

Imigangatho yokhuseleko lwebhedi yentsimbi ekumgangatho wesikhungo iqala kwiipawundi ezingama-400 ngeqonga ngalinye, kunye neemodeli zorhwebo ezinzima ezitsala iipawundi ezingama-500 ukuya kuma-600. Umahluko awuyontsimbi etyebileyo nje kuphela - nangona oko kuyinxalenye yayo. Ikwiindawo zokudibanisa. Uqhagamshelo olunamabholiti aneewashers ezitshixayo ezingasebenzi kakuhle xa kushukuma. Iibrakethi zekona ezidityanisiweyo ezisasaza umthwalo kwisakhelo endaweni yokusigxininisa kwiindawo ezine zoxinzelelo. Ukuxhasa okunqamlezileyo okunciphisa ukushukuma kunye nokujika okwenziwa ngabantwana xa bengalali.

Ityhubhu yentsimbi yesikwere eyi-2×2-intshi enobukhulu bodonga obuyi-1.1 ukuya kwi-1.5 mm yinto eqhelekileyo kwezorhwebo. Nantoni na encinci ifaneleka kwigumbi leendwendwe. Nantsi ke uvavanyo olunzima: ukuba ubunzima obupheleleyo bebhedi yentsimbi enye phezu kwenye bungaphantsi kweekhilogram ezingama-70 (malunga neekhilogram ezili-154), buza imibuzo. Iibhedi zebhedi ezisemgangathweni zithwala ubunzima bokwenyani - intsimbi ayisiyondawo yokonga imali kuyo.

Uvavanyo lokugoba lubaluleke ngaphezu kokulinganiswa kobunzima. Ibhedi yentsimbi eyakhiwe ngokufanelekileyo ayifanele iguquguquke ngokusisigxina xa naliphi na ilungu lesakhiwo livavanywa ngokugoba okuqhelekileyo. Ukuba umenzi akanakukwazi ukuvelisa olo lwazi lovavanyo, qhubeka.

Umgangatho wentsimbi: Oko kufanele kuthethwe "nge-powder-coated"

Ayizizo zonke iibhedi zentsimbi ezakhiwe ngentsimbi yodidi olufanayo. Iinkcukacha zephepha leenkcukacha ezahlula ibhedi yeminyaka emihlanu kwibhedi yeminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu:

• Igeyiji yentsimbi. Intsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo esuka kwi-14 ukuya kwi-16-gauge iqhelekile kwiifreyimu zorhwebo. Iibhedi zokuhlala zihlala zisebenzisa i-18-gauge okanye i-thinner, eguquguquka ngokubonakalayo kwaye ekugqibeleni iguquguquke xa isetyenziswa kwiziko. Igeyiji e-Thinner ikwabola ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo zoxinzelelo.

• Ugqunywe ngomgubo. Ugqunywe ngomgubo oqinileyo awulohlobo lobuhle. Uthintela umhlwa kwiindawo ezifumileyo zenkampu, uyeke ukugqwala kwiindawo zokuwelda, kwaye udale umphezulu ongenamingxunya okulula ukuwucoca phakathi kokujikeleza kwabantu. Ukumelana neencukuthu zebhedi kuqala ekupheleni - imithungo kunye nemingxunya kwizakhelo ezigqityiweyo kakubi yindawo kanye apho izinambuzane zikhula khona.

• I-slat vs. iphaneli eqinileyo. Ii-slats zesinyithi zibonelela ngomoya kwaye zenza ukuba ukuhlolwa komonakalo kukhawuleze - ungabona i-slat eqhekekileyo kwigumbi lonke. Amaqonga esinyithi aqinileyo (ubuncinane be-gauge ezili-16) asusa ingxaki "yezinto eziwela phantsi", ebalulekileyo xa ibhedi ephezulu igcina izixhobo, kodwa zongeza ubunzima kunye neendleko ezibalulekileyo.

Uvavanyo olunye olusebenzayo: cela umenzi ukuba akunike iziphumo zovavanyo lwetyuwa kwi-powder coating. Ukuba abazi ukuba oko kuthetha ukuthini, mhlawumbi ujonge umthengisi wezindlu ophinde wapakisha imveliso yakhe njenge "yorhwebo."

Izikhewu Ezintathu Ezivelayo Phakathi Kokuthenga Nokuhlola

Nokuba uthenga iibhedi eziqinisekisiweyo ngokwemigangatho yokhuseleko lweebhedi zesinyithi, imeko yokufakelwa ingayitshintsha loo nto. Izikhewu ezintathu zokwenyani endizibonileyo kwindlela yokuziqwalasela izinto:

Ubunzima bematrasi. Ucacisa iimatrasi eziziisentimitha ezi-6. Emva kweminyaka emithathu, ezinye zitshintshiwe ziisentimitha ezi-7 kuba yiloo nto umthengisi wayenayo esitokhweni. Akukho mntu uphinda abale indawo yokubeka i-guardrail. Ngoku ubude be-guardrail yakho buziisentimitha ezi-4, kwaye awusathobeli yonke indawo engasentla. Bhala ubukhulu bematrasi obuphezulu kwiinkcukacha zakho zokuthenga kwaye ugcine kunye neerekhodi zokugcinwa.

Ukugcinwa kwezinyuko. Izinyuko ezibotshelelweyo ziyakhululeka. Izinyuko ezibotshelelweyo zibangela ukuqhekeka kweenwele kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Izinyuko zebhedi yekampu zinyuswa izihlandlo ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20 ngemini - emva kwexesha elinye, izixhobo zifuna ukulungiswa. Uninzi lwezixhobo azinalo ulondolozo olucwangcisiweyo loku de kubekho ingozi. Yongeza kuluhlu lwakho lokuhlola lwangaphambi kwexesha.

Ukuxhoma eludongeni. Iibhedi zeebhedi kwiindawo zenyikima, kumgangatho ongalinganiyo, okanye kwiindonga ezikhaphukhaphu zodonga zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. ISebe lezeMpilo laseNew York State liphawule ukuba ukuwa kweebhedi zeebhedi zeebhedi zeebhedi njengesigaba sokulimala okuqhubekayo kwiinkampu zabantwana, kwaye amanye amakhowudi karhulumente ngoku afuna ukuxhoma eludongeni kwiibhedi eziphezulu kwiindawo zamaqela. Ukuba indawo yakho ikwindawo enenyikima okanye isebenzisa iindlela ezizimeleyo, ukuxhoma akunyanzelekanga - yinxalenye yophando lwakho olufanelekileyo.

Isiphelo: Uluhlu lokujonga ukhuseleko ngaphambi kokuthenga

Imigangatho yokhuseleko lweebhedi zentsimbi ayilobhokisi omawuyijonge kube kanye uze uyifake. Zizinto ezifunekayo — ziqinisekiswa xa zithengwa, xa ziziswa, xa zifakelwa, nasemva kwexesha lonyaka.

Ngaphambi kokuba utyikitye umyalelo wokuthenga, qinisekisa ezi zinto zintlanu nomthengisi wakho:

1. Iingxelo zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu. Isatifikethi se-ASTM F1427 esivela kwilabhoratri evunyiweyo njenge-Intertek okanye i-SGS — asikokuzibhengeza. Cela inombolo yengxelo kwaye uyiqinisekise.

2. Ukususwa kwe-Guardrail. Ubuncinane ii-intshi ezi-5 ngaphezulu komatrasi oza kuyisebenzisa ngokwenene. Cacisa ubukhulu bomatrasi kwi-odolo yokuthenga kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ibhedi iyawulingana.

3. Uxwebhu lobungakanani bobunzima. Ubuncinane iiponti ezingama-400 ngomphezulu wokulala kunye nedatha yovavanyo lomthwalo oluguquguqukayo lwamalungu — kungekuphela nje umlinganiselo wesakhelo oprintiweyo kwistikha.

4. Iinkcukacha zentsimbi. Intsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo eyi-14–16 gauge, ulwakhiwo lwetyhubhu yesikwere enobukhulu bodonga obuyi-1.1 mm ubuncinane. Idatha yovavanyo lwepowder ngetyuwa iyafumaneka.

5. Ishedyuli yokufakela nokulungisa. Imiyalelo ebhaliweyo yokubambelela, iinkcukacha ze-torque zazo zonke izibophelelo, kunye nexesha elicetyiswayo lokuhlola. Ukuba umthengisi akanakukwazi ukubonelela ngale nto, uthengisa ifenitshala, hayi izixhobo zesikhungo.

Ukuba umthengisi wakho akanakukwazi ukuvelisa amaxwebhu azo zontlanu, uthenga ngokholo. Ukholo alunakuba sisigxina kuphicotho-zincwadi lwesebe lezempilo likarhulumente, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo alunakuba sisigxina xa umlungiseleli weinshorensi ebuza ukuba wenze ntoni ngononophelo olufanelekileyo.

Senza iibhedi zesinyithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu zezikolo, iikampu, kunye neendawo zokulala — kunye namaxwebhu apheleleyo okuthobela i-ASTM, iingxelo zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu, kunye namaphepha eenkcukacha afumanekayo ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele.

→ Cela isicatshulwa ngenani leebhedi zakho, ubukhulu bematrasi obukhethwayo, kunye nazo naziphi na iimfuno zekhowudi ethile yelizwe.

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Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Q: Zithini imigangatho yokhuseleko yeCPSC kwiibhedi zentsimbi ezifakwe kwibhedi enye?

Umgangatho oyimfuneko we-CPSC phantsi kwe-16 CFR Icandelo 1513 ufuna iireyili zokukhusela kumacala omabini ebhedi nganye ephezulu, kunye nodonga olusecaleni oluhamba ngokuqhubekayo (akukho zikhewu). Icacisa ubungakanani obukhulu bokuvula ukuthintela ukuvaleka kwentloko kunye nemilenze, ifuna iilebhile zesilumkiso kuyo yonke ibhedi, kwaye imisela iimfuno zesakhiwo ekufuneka zihlangatyezwe yifreyimu. Iibhedi zebhedi zesinyithi kufuneka zihambelane nemida ye-CPSIA lead (ubuninzi obuyi-0.01% kwizinto ezifikelelekayo) kunye nemiqathango ye-phthalate. Kwizibonelelo ezithenga ngobuninzi, ukuqonda indlela imigangatho yokhuseleko lwebhedi yebhedi yesinyithi esebenza ngayo kwimeko yakho ethile yokusetyenziswa - inkampu, i-dormitory, okanye indlu yesikolo - ngumahluko phakathi kokufakwa okuvumelanayo kunye nokuvezwa koxanduva. I-ASTM F1427-21e1 yongeza iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zeenkqubo zokugcina umatrasi kunye ne-corner post geometry.

Q: Ngaba iibhedi zesikolo nezekampu zinemithetho yokhuseleko eyahlukileyo kuneebhedi zasekhaya?

Ewe, kwaye kulapho imigangatho yokhuseleko lweebhedi zentsimbi iba nzima khona. I-ASTM F1427 ayikubandakanyi ngokucacileyo ukusetyenziswa kwezikhungo. Iibhedi zesikolo nezenkampu zilawulwa ziikhowudi zesebe lezempilo likarhulumente, iimfuno zelayisenisi yezibonelelo, kunye nemigangatho yokuqinisekiswa efana naleyo evela kwi-American Camp Association. Enyanisweni, abathengi abanoxanduva bachaza iibhedi zezikolo ezihlangabezana okanye ezidlulayo iimfuno ze-F1427 kunye ne-CPSC - kungekhona kuba umthetho uhlala ufuna njalo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimeko zokuhlolwa, uxanduva, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokhathalelo lwamaqela zifuna inqanaba eliphezulu.

Q: Ibhedi yentsimbi yorhwebo kufuneka ibe nobunzima obungakanani?

Iibhedi zentsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka zixhase ubuncinci beeponti ezingama-400 kwindawo yokulala nganye, kunye neemodeli ezinzima ezilinganiselwe kwiiponti ezingama-500 ukuya kuma-600. Kwisimo se-single-over-single, umthamo webhedi iyonke kufuneka udlule kwiiponti ezingama-800. Ezi zilinganiso kufuneka zimele ukunyamezela umthwalo onamandla - oko ibhedi ikumelana nako xa isetyenziswa (ukunyuka, ukushukuma, intshukumo ecaleni) - kungekuphela nje kobunzima obungashukumiyo. Cela amaxwebhu ovavanyo lomthwalo kwilabhoratri ezimeleyo.

Q: Ingakanani ubude obuncinci bomqamelo kwiibhedi ezingaphantsi?

I-CPSC kunye ne-ASTM F1427 zifuna ii-guardrails ezikwii-bunks eziphezulu ukuba zande ubuncinane ii-intshi ezi-5 ngaphezulu komphezulu we-matrasi. Olu vavanyo luthathwa ukusuka phezulu kwi-matrasi, kungekhona kwisakhelo sebhedi, oko kuthetha ukuba ubukhulu be-matrasi buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhambelana. Ii-bunks ezisezantsi zifuna ii-guardrails xa icala elingaphantsi kwesiseko lidlula ii-intshi ezingama-30 ukusuka emgangathweni - imfuneko edla ngokungafumaneki kwiindlela eziphakanyisiweyo okanye ezisisiseko sokugcina izinto.

Q: Ngaba iibhedi zesinyithi zikhuselekile kuneenkuni zezikolo nakwiinkampu?

Iibhedi zentsimbi zihlala zingcono kunemithi kwiindawo ezizimeleyo kuba azikwazi ukugoba, ukuqhekeka, kunye nokukhululeka kwamalungu kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu okanye ezitshintsha kakhulu. Iijoyinti zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo zigcina ukuqina kwesakhiwo ixesha elide kuneejoyinti zomthi xa zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Iifreyimu zesinyithi kulula ukuzicoca - inzuzo ebalulekileyo kwiindawo zekampu nakwiindawo zokuhlala apho iibhedi zijikelezana phakathi kwabantu. Oko kuthethiweyo, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo azibalulekanga kangako kunomgangatho wokwakha: ibhedi yomthi eyakhiwe kakuhle iya kugqwesa ifreyimu yesinyithi enomlinganiselo omncinci ngalo lonke ixesha. Xa uthelekisa imigangatho yokhuseleko lweebhedi zentsimbi kwiintlobo zesakhelo, gxila kubunjineli obungasemva kwento, kungekhona impahla ngokwayo.